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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469287

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether skeletal development of the Pantanal Caiman (Caiman yacare) is similarly influenced by temperature variation and controlled increases in embryo motility. All eggs were incubated at 90% humidity and 29 °C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29 °C and embryos were treated with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (Group I, 29 °C 4-AP, n = 15); maintained at 29 °C (n = 14; Group II); or at 33 °C (n = 14, Group III). Embryonic movement was measured using an Egg Buddy® digital monitor on days 30, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60, at which point embryos were euthanized and samples were collected for analysis. No differences were observed between groups with varying incubation temperatures. In contrast, embryonic motility was greater in embryos treated with 4-AP (P 0.001) on day 49, and this was associated with higher proportions of snout-vent and hand lengths. This study demonstrates for the first time that pharmacologically induced increases in embryo motility result in phenotypic changes to the proportion of elements during prenatal ontogeny, thereby effectively altering the adaptation of the species to specific environments.


Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e motilidade embrionária sobre o desenvolvimento esquelético de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare). Os ovos foram incubados com 90% de umidade e empregou-se a temperatura de 29°C por 45 dias. Após, para a incubação do Grupo I a temperatura continuou em 29°C, mas associou-se à injeção de 4-aminopiridina (29°C-4AP, n = 15) aplicada nos dias 46, 47, 48 e 49, do Grupo II permaneceu em 29°C (n = 14) e do Grupo III elevou-se para 33°C (n = 14). A movimentação foi mensurada através do monitor digital Egg Buddy® nos dias 30, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 dias. Aos 60 dias, os embriões foram eutanasiados e coletadas amostras embrionárias. Na análise estatística não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para o fator temperatura sobre a motilidade embrionária no desenvolvimento esquelético. Em contraste, a motilidade evidenciou diferença estatística no dia 49 para o Grupo I (P 0,001) e apresentou maiores proporções de nariz e mão. Esses dados demonstraram pela primeira vez que o aumento na motilidade, induzidos farmacologicamente resultam em divergências fenotípicas na proporção de segmentos anatômicos durante a ontogenia pré-natal, podendo alterar efetivamente a adaptação dos animais em ambientes específicos.

2.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e252845, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355877

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether skeletal development of the Pantanal Caiman (Caiman yacare) is similarly influenced by temperature variation and controlled increases in embryo motility. All eggs were incubated at 90% humidity and 29 °C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29 °C and embryos were treated with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (Group I, 29 °C 4-AP, n = 15); maintained at 29 °C (n = 14; Group II); or at 33 °C (n = 14, Group III). Embryonic movement was measured using an Egg Buddy® digital monitor on days 30, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60, at which point embryos were euthanized and samples were collected for analysis. No differences were observed between groups with varying incubation temperatures. In contrast, embryonic motility was greater in embryos treated with 4-AP (P < 0.001) on day 49, and this was associated with higher proportions of snout-vent and hand lengths. This study demonstrates for the first time that pharmacologically induced increases in embryo motility result in phenotypic changes to the proportion of elements during prenatal ontogeny, thereby effectively altering the adaptation of the species to specific environments.


Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e motilidade embrionária sobre o desenvolvimento esquelético de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare). Os ovos foram incubados com 90% de umidade e empregou-se a temperatura de 29°C por 45 dias. Após, para a incubação do Grupo I a temperatura continuou em 29°C, mas associou-se à injeção de 4-aminopiridina (29°C-4AP, n = 15) aplicada nos dias 46, 47, 48 e 49, do Grupo II permaneceu em 29°C (n = 14) e do Grupo III elevou-se para 33°C (n = 14). A movimentação foi mensurada através do monitor digital Egg Buddy® nos dias 30, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 dias. Aos 60 dias, os embriões foram eutanasiados e coletadas amostras embrionárias. Na análise estatística não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para o fator temperatura sobre a motilidade embrionária no desenvolvimento esquelético. Em contraste, a motilidade evidenciou diferença estatística no dia 49 para o Grupo I (P < 0,001) e apresentou maiores proporções de nariz e mão. Esses dados demonstraram pela primeira vez que o aumento na motilidade, induzidos farmacologicamente resultam em divergências fenotípicas na proporção de segmentos anatômicos durante a ontogenia pré-natal, podendo alterar efetivamente a adaptação dos animais em ambientes específicos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Alligators and Crocodiles , Temperature
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-8, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468526

ABSTRACT

Hops is a new culture in Brazil. Tissue culture can be an important technique for rapid hop propagation. This paper aims to characterize responses from different genotypes under different growth regulators through the interrelationship of response variables important to hop in vitro growth. Three genotypes were cultivated in six culture media with different combinations of growth regulators, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IAA (3-indolacetic acid) and GA3 (gibberellic acid). The means were compared by orthogonal contrasts and the interrelationship of the response variables was performed by path analysis. American genotypes showed favorable root development under the BAP + IAA combination, while the use of IAA improved shoot development. The origin of genotypes was important for defining the best protocol for in vitro cultivation. The path coefficient showed that the variable number of shoots has stronger direct effect on the number of nodal segments. Additionally, in tissue culture assays, the use of a covariable and proper error distribution significantly increased experimental accuracy.


O lúpulo é uma nova cultura no Brasil. A cultura de tecidos pode ser uma técnica importante para a propagação rápida do lúpulo. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar respostas de diferentes genótipos sob diferentes reguladores de crescimento através da inter-relação de variáveis de resposta importantes para o crescimento in vitro. Três genótipos foram cultivados em seis meios de cultura com diferentes combinações de reguladores de crescimento, BAP (6-benzilaminopurina), AIA (ácido 3-indolacético) e GA3 (ácido giberélico). As médias foram comparadas por contrastes ortogonais e a inter-relação das variáveis de resposta foi realizada por análise de trilha. Os genótipos americanos apresentaram desenvolvimento radicular favorável sob a combinação BAP + AIA, enquanto o uso do AIA melhorou o desenvolvimento da parte aérea. A origem dos genótipos foi importante para definir o melhor protocolo para o cultivo in vitro. O coeficiente de trilha mostrou que a variável número de brotos tem um efeito direto mais forte no número de segmentos nodais. Adicionalmente, em experimentos com cultura de tecidos, o uso de uma covariável e distribuição de erro adequada aumentou significativamente a precisão experimental.


Subject(s)
Humulus/growth & development , Humulus/genetics , Genetic Enhancement/methods , Plant Growth Regulators/analysis , In Vitro Techniques
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 822022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468713

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hops is a new culture in Brazil. Tissue culture can be an important technique for rapid hop propagation. This paper aims to characterize responses from different genotypes under different growth regulators through the interrelationship of response variables important to hop in vitro growth. Three genotypes were cultivated in six culture media with different combinations of growth regulators, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IAA (3-indolacetic acid) and GA3 (gibberellic acid). The means were compared by orthogonal contrasts and the interrelationship of the response variables was performed by path analysis. American genotypes showed favorable root development under the BAP + IAA combination, while the use of IAA improved shoot development. The origin of genotypes was important for defining the best protocol for in vitro cultivation. The path coefficient showed that the variable number of shoots has stronger direct effect on the number of nodal segments. Additionally, in tissue culture assays, the use of a covariable and proper error distribution significantly increased experimental accuracy.


Resumo O lúpulo é uma nova cultura no Brasil. A cultura de tecidos pode ser uma técnica importante para a propagação rápida do lúpulo. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar respostas de diferentes genótipos sob diferentes reguladores de crescimento através da inter-relação de variáveis de resposta importantes para o crescimento in vitro. Três genótipos foram cultivados em seis meios de cultura com diferentes combinações de reguladores de crescimento, BAP (6-benzilaminopurina), AIA (ácido 3-indolacético) e GA3 (ácido giberélico). As médias foram comparadas por contrastes ortogonais e a inter-relação das variáveis de resposta foi realizada por análise de trilha. Os genótipos americanos apresentaram desenvolvimento radicular favorável sob a combinação BAP + AIA, enquanto o uso do AIA melhorou o desenvolvimento da parte aérea. A origem dos genótipos foi importante para definir o melhor protocolo para o cultivo in vitro. O coeficiente de trilha mostrou que a variável número de brotos tem um efeito direto mais forte no número de segmentos nodais. Adicionalmente, em experimentos com cultura de tecidos, o uso de uma covariável e distribuição de erro adequada aumentou significativamente a precisão experimental.

5.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e242596, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1278487

ABSTRACT

Hops is a new culture in Brazil. Tissue culture can be an important technique for rapid hop propagation. This paper aims to characterize responses from different genotypes under different growth regulators through the interrelationship of response variables important to hop in vitro growth. Three genotypes were cultivated in six culture media with different combinations of growth regulators, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IAA (3-indolacetic acid) and GA3 (gibberellic acid). The means were compared by orthogonal contrasts and the interrelationship of the response variables was performed by path analysis. American genotypes showed favorable root development under the BAP + IAA combination, while the use of IAA improved shoot development. The origin of genotypes was important for defining the best protocol for in vitro cultivation. The path coefficient showed that the variable number of shoots has stronger direct effect on the number of nodal segments. Additionally, in tissue culture assays, the use of a covariable and proper error distribution significantly increased experimental accuracy.


O lúpulo é uma nova cultura no Brasil. A cultura de tecidos pode ser uma técnica importante para a propagação rápida do lúpulo. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar respostas de diferentes genótipos sob diferentes reguladores de crescimento através da inter-relação de variáveis de resposta importantes para o crescimento in vitro. Três genótipos foram cultivados em seis meios de cultura com diferentes combinações de reguladores de crescimento, BAP (6-benzilaminopurina), AIA (ácido 3-indolacético) e GA3 (ácido giberélico). As médias foram comparadas por contrastes ortogonais e a inter-relação das variáveis de resposta foi realizada por análise de trilha. Os genótipos americanos apresentaram desenvolvimento radicular favorável sob a combinação BAP + AIA, enquanto o uso do AIA melhorou o desenvolvimento da parte aérea. A origem dos genótipos foi importante para definir o melhor protocolo para o cultivo in vitro. O coeficiente de trilha mostrou que a variável número de brotos tem um efeito direto mais forte no número de segmentos nodais. Adicionalmente, em experimentos com cultura de tecidos, o uso de uma covariável e distribuição de erro adequada aumentou significativamente a precisão experimental.


Subject(s)
Plant Growth Regulators , Brazil , Plant Shoots/genetics , Culture Media , Genotype
6.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 30(2): 121-125, 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-699340

ABSTRACT

Among the topics studied in physiology and aging, a hormone has been drawing attention from the scientificcommunity: the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP). The ANP, which is produced by the cardiac atria, hasdemonstrated decisive action in endocrine mechanisms of action inhibiting sodium reabsorption in nephrons,revealing a direct influence on physiological mechanisms linked to aging and chronic stress.The overall objectiveof this study was to assess and analyze scientific literature on the ANP in the Pubmed database from 2010 to2012. 30 articles were collected, verifying authorship and gender division of species, instruments and typesof research. The results showed that the research of multiple authorship appeared mostly with 99.1%, being51.8% of male authorship, 17.9% of female authorship and 29.5% of publications not identified. Researchwith only one author appears with 0.8% in total. As the types of species used, it was observed 50.3% of theworks with humans, 40% with animals and 6.7% mixed (animal / human). As to the instruments used, thebiochemical markers were the ones that stood out, with 30%, followed by label arterial pressure with 12, 2%,drugs, with 11.1% and microscopic studies with 10%. In the typology of research, biochemical research appearsfirst, with 33.3%, followed by research morphophysiological/biochemical research, with 30%, Physiological/ biochemical, with 26.7%, Physiological with 6.7% and Morphophysiological with 3.3%. We can concludethat the publications about the hormone ANP are still little explored when the focus is aging. In the analyzedpublications, there is important information about the physiological and biochemical role of ANP as well ason their molecular composition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Aging/physiology , Atrial Natriuretic Factor/physiology , Kidney Diseases
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(4): 299-307, Apr. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622755

ABSTRACT

The anxiogenic and antinociceptive effects produced by glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation within the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) matter have been related to nitric oxide (NO) production, since injection of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors reverses these effects. dPAG corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFr) activation also induces anxiety-like behavior and antinociception, which, in turn, are selectively blocked by local infusion of the CRF type 1 receptor (CRFr1) antagonist, NBI 27914 [5-chloro-4-(N-(cyclopropyl)methyl-N-propylamino)-2-methyl-6-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)aminopyridine]. Here, we determined whether i) the blockade of the dPAG by CRFr1 attenuates the anxiogenic/antinociceptive effects induced by local infusion of the NO donor, NOC-9 [6-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-hexanamine], and ii) the anxiogenic/antinociceptive effects induced by intra-dPAG CRF are prevented by local infusion of Nω-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA), a neuronal NOS inhibitor, in mice. Male Swiss mice (12 weeks old, 25-35 g, N = 8-14/group) were stereotaxically implanted with a 7-mm cannula aimed at the dPAG. Intra-dPAG NOC-9 (75 nmol) produced defensive-like behavior (jumping and running) and antinociception (assessed by the formalin test). Both effects were reversed by prior local infusion of NBI 27914 (2 nmol). Conversely, intra-dPAG NPLA (0.4 nmol) did not modify the anxiogenic/antinociceptive effects of CRF (150 pmol). These results suggest that CRFr1 plays an important role in the defensive behavior and antinociception produced by NO within the dPAG. In contrast, the anxiogenic and antinociceptive effects produced by intra-dPAG CRF are not related to NO synthesis in this limbic midbrain structure.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Nociception/drug effects , Periaqueductal Gray/drug effects , Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors , Triazenes/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide/pharmacology , Periaqueductal Gray/physiology , Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/drug effects , Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology
8.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 28(2): 120-128, Apr.-June 2011. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644141

ABSTRACT

Heart autonomic ganglia play an important role in cardiac rhythm control, protecting against certainarrhythmias due to their parasympathetic activity. Starvation during pregnancy may cause cardiac disorders andhinder optimal cardiac performance. Also, morphology of subepicardial neuron is subjected to the influenceof extrinsic factors. We studied the influence of protein deprivation on subepicardic neurons in rats at earlydevelopment stages and the effect of restoration of a normal diet.: Three groups of pregnant Wistar rats weresubmitted to different diets according to its protein content: normal (NN group) and 5% casein (DD group),until 42 days after delivery and low protein for 21 days with refeeding for a further 21 days (RN group).All animal were weighed. The number and area of neuronal profiles were measured. The neurons werestained by histochemical methods â-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and â-nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) and their ultra structure were observed.Group DD and RNanimals weighed less than those from group NN. The number of neurons and the cellular profile area didnot show significant differences among groups for both techniques. Endoplasmatic reticulum ribosomes inneurons of undernourished animals showed decreased electron density. Protein deprivation in early stages ofdevelopment produces ultra structural changes but does not alter the number and profile area of nerve cellbodies in rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Endoplasmic Reticulum , Diet , Neurons , Ribosomes/metabolism , Nutrition Disorders , Rats, Wistar/anatomy & histology
9.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 10(2): 157-162, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-433924

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Este estudo correlacionou o desempenho da função motora fina (FMF) e Sensorial (FS) na paralisia cerebral hemiparética (PC-H) à classificação da ressonância magnética (RM). MÉTODO: Utilizaram-se os protocolos específicos para avaliar FMF, FS e lesões encefálicas quanto à sua extensão e localização no hemisfério. Foram avaliados 46 sujeitos sendo 23 com PC-H, grupo 1, e 23 crianças normais, grupo 2. A idade variou entre 07 a 16 anos, idade média de 12 anos e 8 meses. RESULTADOS:O desempenho das FMF e FS demonstrou ser significantemente pior no grupo 1 quando comparado ao grupo controle. PC-H que apresentavam lesões atingindo uma única estrutura encefálica demonstraram melhores resultados que aqueles com comprometimento atingindo duas estruturas maiores que 10 mm. O desempenho dos sujeitos com comprometimento cortical e subcortical, uni ou bilateral, foi inferior quando comparados aos com lesões subcorticais.CONCLUSÃO: As disfunções motoras e sensoriais necessitam ser identificadas e compreendidas para prover melhor treinamento de rotina e cuidados especiais a essas crianças.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Brain Diseases , Cerebral Palsy , Exercise Movement Techniques , Motor Activity , Physical Therapy Specialty
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(2a): 225-227, jun. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-403018

ABSTRACT

Hidrocloridrato de mitoxantrone (Novantrone®) é um antracenedione utilizado como o agente mais recente de uma longa linha de imunossupressivos gerais estudados em esclerose múltipla (EM). Realizamos revisão de dados clínicos, laboratoriais, de neuroimagem e ecocardiografia de 18 pacientes, no período de fevereiro de 2001 a março de 2004, a partir de um total de 100 pacientes com EM definida. Quatorze pacientes eram do sexo feminino (77,7%) e quatro eram do sexo masculino. A idade média dos pacientes foi 41,6±10 anos (intervalo de confiança 95%: 36,4-46,7 anos). A duração média da doença foi 10,5±6,3 anos. Quatorze pacientes apresentavam a forma secundária progressiva de EM e quatro a forma surto-remissão. O mitoxantrone é uma droga útil e clinicamente eficaz , sendo a principal limitação sua potencial cardiotoxicidade devido à dose cumulativa (140 mg).


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Mitoxantrone/administration & dosage , Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/drug therapy , Stroke Volume/drug effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Echocardiography , Mitoxantrone/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(2a): 327-329, jun. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-403032

ABSTRACT

Mitoxantrone (MX) é uma agente imunossupressor utilizado nas formas progressivas secundárias de esclerose múltipla (EM) ou formas surto-remissão sem resposta com outras formas de tratamento (p.ex. beta-interferon, acetato de glatirâmer). Com o uso desta medicação, ocorre uma incidência maior, embora pequena, de desenvolvimento de leucemia mielóide aguda induzida por quimioterápicos. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente com forma progressiva secundária de EM, submetida a uma dose única de MX de 15mg e que 30 meses após desenvolveu quadro fulminante de leucemia promieloblástica aguda (M3), com trombocitopenia grave. A paciente faleceu por hemorragia intracerebral maciça. É feita revisão de outros casos relatados na literatura e os possíveis mecanismos de desenvolvimento desta complicação grave secundária ao uso do MX.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/chemically induced , Mitoxantrone/adverse effects , Fatal Outcome , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Mitoxantrone/therapeutic use , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 33(7): 847-50, July 2000. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-262686

ABSTRACT

In the present study we investigated the effect of salt intake on myenteric neuron size of the colon of adult male Wistar rats. The animals were placed on either a high-salt (HS; 8 percent; 12 animals) or a low-salt diet (LS; 0.15 percent; 12 animals) for 15 or 52 weeks and blood pressure was measured. The sizes of myenteric neurons of the distal colon from both groups were measured. No difference in neuron size was observed between the HS and LS groups after 15 weeks. After 52 weeks on HS, neuron size was increased (P<0.005) when compared with the LS group. The rats also presented hypertension, which was significantly different at 52 weeks (142 +/- 11 vs 119 +/- 7 mmHg). These results suggest that a long time on an HS diet can significantly increase myenteric nerve cell size.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Male , Myenteric Plexus/drug effects , Neurons/drug effects , Sodium, Dietary/administration & dosage , Colon/pathology , Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Hypertension/etiology , Myenteric Plexus/enzymology , Rats, Wistar
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